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George W. Johnson
(1846-1914) South Border 44
George W. Johnson
was the first recorded African American performer on record. The first
recording apparatus invented was tin foil in 1870. Since songs and music
were difficult to record, the first recordings were whistling. George W.
Johnson was born to slaves on a Virginia plantation and made his way to
New York in the 1870’s. He made his living “whistling tunes” on the
ferries for pennies.
He
was discovered and starting whistling into a recording apparatus for 20
cents a song. By 1888 Thomas Edison had improved recording with a wax
cylinder device.
George’s records
became very popular, and added a song called “The Laughing Song,” which
became one of the largest selling records of the time. It was a
contagious lilting song that is still recorded to this day.
He called himself
the “The Whistling Coon” because of the trend of the time to call
African Americans that. Many of his early recordings are highly
collectible. He was the biggest star of the first decade of the
recording business.
His personal life
was quite a story in itself. He was arrested for murdering his common
law wife, a German woman named Roskin Stuart. They both had a fondness
for drinking gin and at one point she had shot him the ankle with a gun.
She was thrown (or fell) out of a two story window one time and was in
the hospital for months.
Another time, she
was found beaten and unconscious and died in the hospital. George W.
Johnson was charged with the murder. Since two other common law wives of
his had died of unusual circumstances, he went to trial for murder.
The music
industry rallied and raised over 2 thousand dollars for his defense and
he was acquitted as far as records show. Many years the rumor was that
he was hung for this murder, but through records found, he worked the
last years of his life as the doorman at the Lyceum Theatre and died
destitute of heart disease in 1914.
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